History of computers

Computer का History (Hindi में)

कंप्यूटर का इतिहास (History) कई stages से develop हुआ है। इसे अलग-अलग phases में समझा जा सकता है:

1. Early Developments (शुरुआती विकास)

Abacus:

Wooden abacus with rows of beads for basic arithmetic calculations.
Abacus – The Traditional Counting Frame

ये पहला calculating device माना जाता है, जिसे 3000 B.C. में बनाया गया। इसे beads और rods की मदद से simple calculations के लिए use किया गया।

Napier’s Bones:

Wooden Napier's Bones tool for manual calculations.
Napier’s Bones – A Historical Calculation Tool

1617 में John Napier ने इसे develop किया, जिससे multiplication और division आसान हो गया।

Pascaline (1642):

Blaise Pascal ने पहला mechanical calculator बनाया, जो addition और subtraction करता था।

Difference Engine:

Charles Babbage ने 1822 में इसे design किया। इसे पहला automatic mechanical computer माना जाता है।

2. First Generation (1940s-1950s)

Black-and-white image of a first-generation computer with a large control panel and a man standing beside it.
First Generation Computer – The Era of Vacuum Tubes

Technology Used:

Vacuum tubes का use हुआ, जो electronic circuits को चलाते थे।

Features:

बहुत बड़े (large) और धीमे (slow) होते थे।

Programming के लिए machine language use होती थी।

Examples:

ENIAC: यह computer ke history ka sabse पहला electronic general-purpose computer है। इलेक्ट्रॉनिक तकनीक का इस्तेमाल करने वाला पहला कंप्यूटर ENIAC था , इसे चार्ल्स बैबेज ने साल 1822 में बनाया था ।

UNIVAC: पहला commercially available computer।

3. Second Generation (1950s-1960s)

Second-generation computer with a large control panel featuring switches, buttons, and indicator lights, accompanied by a keyboard and desk setup
Second Generation Computer: A Pioneer in Transistor Technology

Technology Used:

Vacuum tubes की जगह transistors का use हुआ।

Features:

ये smaller, faster, और ज्यादा reliable थे।

High-level programming languages जैसे FORTRAN और COBOL का इस्तेमाल होने लगा।

Examples:

IBM 1401।

CDC 1604।

4. Third Generation (1960s-1970s)

Third-generation computer with a CRT monitor displaying text, a keyboard, and a woman typing, representing the improved usability of computers in the 1970s
Third Generation Computer: The Era of Integrated Circuits

Technology Used:

Integrated Circuits (ICs) का use हुआ।

Features:

Size और cost कम हो गई।

Computers faster और efficient हो गए।

Examples:

IBM 360 Series

IBM personal computer with a CRT monitor displaying the IBM logo, a keyboard, and a dual floppy disk drive, representing fourth-generation microprocessor-based computing
IBM Personal Computer: Revolutionizing the Fourth Generation

5. Fourth Generation (1970s-1980s)

Image of an IBM PC AT, a fourth-generation computer featuring a beige CPU, floppy disk drives, a CRT monitor displaying graphical data, and a classic keyboard.
IBM PC AT: A Revolutionary Milestone of Fourth-Generation Computers

Technology Used:

Microprocessors का use शुरू हुआ।

Features:

Personal Computers (PCs) का विकास हुआ।

GUI (Graphical User Interface) का इस्तेमाल हुआ।

Examples:

Intel 4004 Processor।

IBM PC।

6. Fifth Generation (1980s-Present)

Image of a fifth-generation desktop computer with a white tower CPU, CRT monitor, and a matching keyboard, representing advancements in computing technology.
Modern Fifth-Generation Computer: The Era of Speed and Intelligence

Technology Used:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) और Machine Learning का use।

Quantum Computing और Cloud Systems का development।

Features:

Faster processing और real-time applications।

Smartphones, IoT devices, और advanced AI systems।

Examples:

IBM Watson।

Google DeepMind ।

Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)

  1. Computer का history technology के development का एक extraordinary example है। आज की दुनिया में AI-driven और Quantum Computing का जमाना है, जो हर sector को transform कर रहा है।

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